Thyroid and Molecular Testing. Advances in Thyroid Molecular Cytopathology

Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the adult population including fact that more than 50% of individuals, over age 60, have thyroid nodules. The majority been mostly detected with ultrasonography and 10% by palpation. these benign, whereas 5–15% them malignant. pre-operative diagnosis cancer is critical challenge order to ensure each patient can be treated best tailored management reduction unnecessary surgery for benign lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) represents first most important diagnostic tool evaluation According literature, FNAC able render conclusive up 70–80% all cases. For remaining 20–30% nodules, cytological diagnoses fall into category indeterminate lesions due lack specific morphological features. Bethesda system reporting cytopathology (TBSRTC), sub-stratified three different subcategories “atypia undetermined significance/follicular lesion significance-AUS/FLUS”; “follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasm/suspicious follicular neoplasm-FN/SFN”; “suspicious malignancy-SFM”. Many undergo repetition lobectomy. Nonetheless, cases will rate ranges between 6 30%. It stands reason application ancillary technique, molecular testing, emerged as additional those Since early 1990s, material collected from samples yields sufficient adequate cells detection point mutation gene fusions. further availability new sequencing technologies such next-generation (NGS) has led comprehensive applications adopted now clinical use. current review investigates multiple advances field testing applied cytology.